A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor

Hanfeng Wang, Kunal L. Tiwari, Kurt Jacobs, Michael Judy, Xin Zhang, Dirk R. Englund () and Matthew E. Trusheim ()
Additional contact information
Hanfeng Wang: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kunal L. Tiwari: MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Kurt Jacobs: DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory
Michael Judy: Inc.
Xin Zhang: Inc.
Dirk R. Englund: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Matthew E. Trusheim: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection and has resulted in leading magnetic sensitivities at the pT-level. This approach, however, remains far from the intrinsic spin-projection noise limit due to thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise and spin saturation effects. Here we tackle these challenges by combining recently demonstrated spin refrigeration techniques with comprehensive nonlinear modeling of the cQED sensor operation. We demonstrate that the optically-polarized NV ensemble simultaneously provides magnetic sensitivity and acts as a heat sink for the deleterious thermal microwave noise background, even when actively probed by a microwave field. Optimizing the NV-cQED system, we demonstrate a broadband sensitivity of 576 ± 6 fT/ $$\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$ Hz around 15 kHz in ambient conditions. We then discuss the implications of this approach for the design of future magnetometers, including near-projection-limited devices approaching 3 fT/ $$\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$ Hz sensitivity enabled by spin refrigeration.

Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-54333-8 Abstract (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-54333-8

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54333-8

Access Statistics for this article

Nature Communications is currently edited by Nathalie Le Bot, Enda Bergin and Fiona Gillespie

More articles in Nature Communications from Nature
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().