Breaking the capacity bottleneck of lithium-oxygen batteries through reconceptualizing transport and nucleation kinetics

Zhuojun Zhang, Xu Xiao (), Aijing Yan, Kai Sun, Jianwen Yu and Peng Tan ()
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Zhuojun Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Xu Xiao: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Aijing Yan: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Kai Sun: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Jianwen Yu: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Peng Tan: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The practical capacity of lithium-oxygen batteries falls short of their ultra-high theoretical value. Unfortunately, the fundamental understanding and enhanced design remain lacking, as the issue is complicated by the coupling processes between Li2O2 nucleation, growth, and multi-species transport. Herein, we redefine the relationship between the microscale Li2O2 behaviors and the macroscopic electrochemical performance, emphasizing the importance of the inherent modulating ability of Li+ ions through a synergy of visualization techniques and cross-scale quantification. We find that Li2O2 particle distributed against the oxygen gradient signifies a compatibility match for the nucleation and transport kinetics, thus enabling the output of the electrode’s maximum capacity and providing a basis for evaluating operating protocols for future applications. In this case, a 150% capacity enhancement is further achieved through the development of a universalizing methodology. This work opens the door for the rules and control of energy conversion in metal-air batteries, greatly accelerating their path to commercialization.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54366-z

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