Dual receptor-binding, infectivity, and transmissibility of an emerging H2N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus

Ju Sun, Tianyi Zheng, Mingjun Jia, Yanjun Wang, Jingru Yang, Yun Liu, Pengyun Yang, Yufeng Xie, Honglei Sun, Qi Tong, Jiaming Li, Jing Yang, Guanghua Fu, Yi Shi, Jianxun Qi, Wenjun Liu, Jinhua Liu, Wen-xia Tian (), George F. Gao () and Yuhai Bi ()
Additional contact information
Ju Sun: Shanxi Agricultural University
Tianyi Zheng: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Mingjun Jia: Shanxi Agricultural University
Yanjun Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Jingru Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Yun Liu: Shanxi Agricultural University
Pengyun Yang: Shanxi Agricultural University
Yufeng Xie: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Honglei Sun: China Agricultural University
Qi Tong: China Agricultural University
Jiaming Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Jing Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Guanghua Fu: Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yi Shi: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Jianxun Qi: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Wenjun Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Jinhua Liu: China Agricultural University
Wen-xia Tian: Shanxi Agricultural University
George F. Gao: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Yuhai Bi: Shanxi Agricultural University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic virus [A(H2N2)pdm1957] has disappeared from humans since 1968, while H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are still circulating in birds. It is necessary to reveal the recurrence risk and potential cross-species infection of these AIVs from avian to mammals. We find that H2 AIVs circulating in domestic poultry in China have genetic and antigenic differences compared to the A(H2N2)pdm1957. One H2N2 AIV has a dual receptor-binding property similar to that of the A(H2N2)pdm1957. Molecular and structural studies reveal that the N144S, and N144E or R137M substitutions in hemagglutinin (HA) enable H2N2 avian or human viruses to bind or preferentially bind human-type receptor. The H2N2 AIV rapidly adapts to mice (female) and acquires mammalian-adapted mutations that facilitated transmission in guinea pigs and ferrets (female). These findings on the receptor-binding, infectivity, transmission, and mammalian-adaptation characteristics of H2N2 AIVs provide a reference for early-warning and prevention for this subtype.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54374-z

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