Multiple insular-prefrontal pathways underlie perception to execution during response inhibition in humans

Takahiro Osada (), Koji Nakajima, Tomohiko Shirokoshi, Akitoshi Ogawa, Satoshi Oka, Koji Kamagata, Shigeki Aoki, Yasushi Oshima, Sakae Tanaka and Seiki Konishi ()
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Takahiro Osada: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Koji Nakajima: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Tomohiko Shirokoshi: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Akitoshi Ogawa: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Satoshi Oka: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Koji Kamagata: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Shigeki Aoki: Juntendo University School of Medicine
Yasushi Oshima: The University of Tokyo School of Medicine
Sakae Tanaka: The University of Tokyo School of Medicine
Seiki Konishi: Juntendo University School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Inhibiting prepotent responses in the face of external stop signals requires complex information processing, from perceptual to control processing. However, the cerebral circuits underlying these processes remain elusive. In this study, we used neuroimaging and brain stimulation to investigate the interplay between human brain regions during response inhibition at the whole-brain level. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a sequential four-step processing pathway: initiating from the primary visual cortex (V1), progressing to the dorsal anterior insula (daINS), then involving two essential regions in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), namely the ventral posterior IFC (vpIFC) and anterior IFC (aIFC), and reaching the basal ganglia (BG)/primary motor cortex (M1). A combination of ultrasound stimulation and time-resolved magnetic stimulation elucidated the causal influence of daINS on vpIFC and the unidirectional dependence of aIFC on vpIFC. These results unveil asymmetric pathways in the insular-prefrontal cortex and outline the macroscopic cerebral circuits for response inhibition: V1→daINS→vpIFC/aIFC→BG/M1.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54564-9

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