Dynamics of the blood plasma proteome during hyperacute HIV-1 infection

Jamirah Nazziwa, Eva Freyhult, Mun-Gwan Hong, Emil Johansson, Filip Årman, Jonathan Hare, Kamini Gounder, Melinda Rezeli, Tirthankar Mohanty, Sven Kjellström, Anatoli Kamali, Etienne Karita, William Kilembe, Matt A. Price, Pontiano Kaleebu, Susan Allen, Eric Hunter, Thumbi Ndung’u, Jill Gilmour, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones, Eduard Sanders, Amin S. Hassan and Joakim Esbjörnsson ()
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Jamirah Nazziwa: Lund University
Eva Freyhult: Uppsala University
Mun-Gwan Hong: Stockholm University
Emil Johansson: Lund University
Filip Årman: Lund University
Jonathan Hare: Imperial College
Kamini Gounder: Africa Health Research Institute
Melinda Rezeli: Lund University
Tirthankar Mohanty: Lund University
Sven Kjellström: Lund University
Anatoli Kamali: IAVI
Etienne Karita: Center for Family Health Research
William Kilembe: Center for Family Health Research
Matt A. Price: IAVI
Pontiano Kaleebu: Uganda Research Unit, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Susan Allen: Center for Family Health Research
Eric Hunter: Center for Family Health Research
Thumbi Ndung’u: Africa Health Research Institute
Jill Gilmour: Imperial College
Sarah L. Rowland-Jones: University of Oxford
Eduard Sanders: University of Oxford
Amin S. Hassan: Lund University
Joakim Esbjörnsson: Lund University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract The complex dynamics of protein expression in plasma during hyperacute HIV-1 infection and its relation to acute retroviral syndrome, viral control, and disease progression are largely unknown. Here, we quantify 1293 blood plasma proteins from 157 longitudinally linked plasma samples collected before, during, and after hyperacute HIV-1 infection of 54 participants from four sub-Saharan African countries. Six distinct longitudinal expression profiles are identified, of which four demonstrate a consistent decrease in protein levels following HIV-1 infection. Proteins involved in inflammatory responses, immune regulation, and cell motility are significantly altered during the transition from pre-infection to one month post-infection. Specifically, decreased ZYX and SCGB1A1 levels, and increased LILRA3 levels are associated with increased risk of acute retroviral syndrome; increased NAPA and RAN levels, and decreased ITIH4 levels with viral control; and increased HPN, PRKCB, and ITGB3 levels with increased risk of disease progression. Overall, this study provides insight into early host responses in hyperacute HIV-1 infection, and present potential biomarkers and mechanisms linked to HIV-1 disease progression and viral load.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54848-0

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