Hybrid electromagnetic and moisture energy harvesting enabled by ionic diode films

Zhenguo Gao, Cuiqin Fang, Yuanyuan Gao, Xin Yin, Siyuan Zhang, Jian Lu, Guanglei Wu, Hongjing Wu and Bingang Xu ()
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Zhenguo Gao: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Cuiqin Fang: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Yuanyuan Gao: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Xin Yin: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Siyuan Zhang: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Jian Lu: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Guanglei Wu: Qingdao University
Hongjing Wu: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Bingang Xu: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Wireless energy-responsive systems provide a foundational platform for powering and operating intelligent devices. However, current electronic systems relying on complex components limit their effective deployment in ambient environment and seamless integration of energy harvesting, storage, sensing, and communication. Here, we disclose a coupling effect of electromagnetic wave absorption and moist-enabled generation on carrier transportation and energy interaction regulated by ionic diode effect. As demonstration, a wireless energy interactive system is established for electromagnetic-moist coupled energy harvesting and signal transmission through highly integrated polyelectrolyte/conjugated conductive polymer bilayer ionic diode films as dynamic energy-switching carriers. The gradient distribution of ions within the films, excited by moist energy, enables the ionic rectification and further endows the films with electromagnetic energy harvesting capability. In turn, the absorbed electromagnetic energy drives the directional migration of charge carriers and internal ionic current. By rationally regulating the electrolyte and dielectric properties of ionic diodes, it becomes feasible to control targeted electric signals and energy outputs under coupled electromagnetic-moist environment. This work is a step towards enabling enhanced smart interactivities for wirelessly driven flexible electronics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55030-2

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