Heterodyne analysis of high-order partial waves in attosecond photoionization of helium

Wenyu Jiang, Luke Roantree, Lulu Han, Jiabao Ji, Yidan Xu, Zitan Zuo, Hans Jakob Wörner, Kiyoshi Ueda, Andrew C. Brown (), Hugo W. Hart, Xiaochun Gong and Jian Wu ()
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Wenyu Jiang: East China Normal University
Luke Roantree: Queen’s University Belfast
Lulu Han: East China Normal University
Jiabao Ji: ETH Zürich
Yidan Xu: East China Normal University
Zitan Zuo: East China Normal University
Hans Jakob Wörner: ETH Zürich
Kiyoshi Ueda: East China Normal University
Andrew C. Brown: Queen’s University Belfast
Hugo W. Hart: Queen’s University Belfast
Xiaochun Gong: East China Normal University
Jian Wu: East China Normal University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Partial wave analysis is key to interpretation of the photoionization of atoms and molecules on the attosecond timescale. Here we propose a heterodyne analysis approach, based on the delay-resolved anisotropy parameters to reveal the role played by high-order partial waves during photoionization. This extends the Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating By Interference of Two-photon Transitions technique into the few-photon regime. We demonstrate that even for moderate ( ~ 1TW/cm2) intensities, near-infrared-assisted photoionization of helium through Rydberg states results in a tiny contribution from the g0 wave, which has a significant impact on the photoelectron angular distributions via interference with the s- and d0-waves. This modulation also causes a substantial deviation in the angular distribution of the recovered spectral phase shift. Our analysis provides an efficient method to resolve isolated partial wave contributions beyond the perturbative regime, and paves the way towards understanding resonance-enhancement of partial waves.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55247-1

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