Dynamic hydrogen-bonding enables high-performance and mechanically robust organic solar cells processed with non-halogenated solvent

Haozhe He, Xiaojun Li (), Jingyuan Zhang, Zekun Chen, Yufei Gong, Hongmei Zhuo, Xiangxi Wu, Yuechen Li, Shijie Wang, Zhaozhao Bi, Bohao Song, Kangkang Zhou, Tongling Liang, Wei Ma, Guanghao Lu, Long Ye, Lei Meng, Ben Zhang, Yaowen Li and Yongfang Li ()
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Haozhe He: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaojun Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jingyuan Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zekun Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yufei Gong: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hongmei Zhuo: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiangxi Wu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yuechen Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shijie Wang: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Zhaozhao Bi: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Bohao Song: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Kangkang Zhou: Tianjin University
Tongling Liang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wei Ma: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Guanghao Lu: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Long Ye: Tianjin University
Lei Meng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ben Zhang: Soochow University
Yaowen Li: Soochow University
Yongfang Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Developing active-layer systems with both high performance and mechanical robustness is a crucial step towards achieving future commercialization of flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we design and synthesize a series of acceptors BTA-C6, BTA-E3, BTA-E6, and BTA-E9, featuring the side chains of hexyl, and 3, 6, and 9 carbon-chain with ethyl ester end groups respectively. Benefiting from suitable phase separation and vertical phase distribution, the PM6:BTA-E3-based OSCs processed by o-xylene exhibit lower energy loss and improved charge transport characteristic and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 19.92% (certified 19.57%), which stands as the highest recorded value in binary OSCs processed by green solvents. Moreover, due to the additional hydrogen-bonding provided by ethyl ester side chain, the PM6:BTA-E3-based active-layer systems achieve enhanced stretchability and thermal stability. Our work reveals the significance of dynamic hydrogen-bonding in improving the photovoltaic performance, mechanical robustness, and morphological stability of OSCs.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55375-8

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