Efficiently regulating the electrochromic behavior of naphthalene-diimide-based zirconium-organic frameworks through linker installation

Cha Li, Hao Zhang, Feifan Lang, Yanghe Liu, Lin Xu, Xiao-Juan Xi, Yang Li, Jiandong Pang (), Hong-Cai Zhou () and Xian-He Bu ()
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Cha Li: Nankai University
Hao Zhang: Nankai University
Feifan Lang: Nankai University
Yanghe Liu: Nankai University
Lin Xu: Nankai University
Xiao-Juan Xi: Nankai University
Yang Li: Nankai University
Jiandong Pang: Nankai University
Hong-Cai Zhou: Texas A&M University
Xian-He Bu: Nankai University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Redox-active metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have already demonstrated their unique advantages in the field of electrochromism over the past decade. However, controlling and modulating the electrochromic behaviors in specific MOFs remains a significant challenge, as most of the cases reported so far are achieved by designing and constructing new MOFs. Herein, we design a redox-active Zr-MOF with coordination unsaturated pockets, termed NKM-908, based on a naphthalene diimide containing tetratopic carboxylate ligand. The fabricated NKM-908 thin film exhibits a reversible electrochromic behavior, showing a color change from basically colorless to light yellow and then to green. Remarkably, two forms of distinct and precise modulations to the electrochromic performance of NKM-908 are achieved through installations of linear auxiliary bitopic carboxylate linkers (TPDC-X) into the coordination unsaturated pockets, i.e. deepening the color and deriving new colors/shifting modes. This work is a successful attempt in tailoring the color change of electrochromic MOFs as required without synthesizing them from scratch. Considering the high efficiency and conveniency of this post-synthetic modification, such strategy opens up a versatile route in designing electrochromic materials, as well as facilely extending their potential towards practical applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55473-7

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