Two-dimensional anion-rich NaCl2 crystal under ambient conditions

Ruobing Yi, Jie Jiang (), Yizhou Yang, Yueyu Zhang (), Siyan Gao, Yimin Zhao, Jiahao Hu, Xuchang Su, Xinming Xia, Bingquan Peng, Fangfang Dai, Pei Li, Zhao Guan, Haijun Yang, Fangyuan Zhu, Jiefeng Cao, Zhe Wang, Haiping Fang, Lei Zhang () and Liang Chen ()
Additional contact information
Ruobing Yi: Ningbo University
Jie Jiang: Ningbo University
Yizhou Yang: East China University of Science and Technology
Yueyu Zhang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Siyan Gao: East China University of Science and Technology
Yimin Zhao: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Jiahao Hu: Ningbo University
Xuchang Su: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Xinming Xia: Ningbo University
Bingquan Peng: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fangfang Dai: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Pei Li: Ningbo University
Zhao Guan: East China Normal University
Haijun Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fangyuan Zhu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiefeng Cao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhe Wang: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Haiping Fang: East China University of Science and Technology
Lei Zhang: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Liang Chen: Ningbo University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The two-dimensional (2D) “sandwich” structure composed of a cation plane located between two anion planes, such as anion-rich CrI3, VS2, VSe2, and MnSe2, possesses exotic magnetic and electronic structural properties and is expected to be a typical base for next-generation microelectronic, magnetic, and spintronic devices. However, only a few 2D anion-rich “sandwich” materials have been experimentally discovered and fabricated, as they are vastly limited by their conventional stoichiometric ratios and structural stability under ambient conditions. Here, we report a 2D anion-rich NaCl2 crystal with sandwiched structure confined within graphene oxide membranes with positive surface potential. This 2D crystal has an unconventional stoichiometry, with Na:Cl ratio of approximately 1:2, resulting in a molybdenite-2H-like structure with cations positioned in the middle and anions in the outer layer. The 2D NaCl2 crystals exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism with clear hysteresis loops and transition temperature above 320 K. Theoretical calculations and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra reveal the ferromagnetism originating from the spin polarization of electrons in the Cl elements of these crystals. Our research presents a simple and general approach to fabricating advanced 2D unconventional stoichiometric materials that exhibit half-metal and ferromagnetism for applications in electronics, magnetism, and spintronics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55512-3

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