High-sensitivity, high-speed, broadband mid-infrared photodetector enabled by a van der Waals heterostructure with a vertical transport channel

Jianfeng Wu, Jialin Zhang (), Ruiqi Jiang, Hao Wu, Shouheng Chen, Xinlei Zhang, Wenhui Wang, Yuanfang Yu, Qiang Fu, Rui Lin, Yueying Cui, Tao Zhou, Zhenliang Hu, Dongyang Wan, Xiaolong Chen, Weida Hu, Hongwei Liu (), Junpeng Lu () and Zhenhua Ni ()
Additional contact information
Jianfeng Wu: Southeast University
Jialin Zhang: Southeast University
Ruiqi Jiang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hao Wu: Southeast University
Shouheng Chen: 1088 Xueyuan Avenue
Xinlei Zhang: Southeast University
Wenhui Wang: Southeast University
Yuanfang Yu: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Qiang Fu: Southeast University
Rui Lin: Southeast University
Yueying Cui: Southeast University
Tao Zhou: Southeast University
Zhenliang Hu: Southeast University
Dongyang Wan: Southeast University
Xiaolong Chen: 1088 Xueyuan Avenue
Weida Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hongwei Liu: 1 Wenyuan Road
Junpeng Lu: Southeast University
Zhenhua Ni: Southeast University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The realization of room-temperature-operated, high-performance, miniaturized, low-power-consumption and Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible mid-infrared photodetectors is highly desirable for next-generation optoelectronic applications, but has thus far remained an outstanding challenge using conventional materials. Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures provide an alternative path toward this goal, yet despite continued efforts, their performance has not matched that of low-temperature HgCdTe photodetectors. Here, we push the detectivity and response speed of a 2D heterostructure-based mid-infrared photodetector to be comparable to, and even superior to, commercial cooled HgCdTe photodetectors by utilizing a vertical transport channel (graphene/black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide/graphene). The minimized carrier transit path of tens of nanometers facilitates efficient and fast carrier transport, leading to significantly improved performance, with a mid-infrared detectivity reaching 2.38 × 1011 cmHz1/2W−1 (approaching the theoretical limit), a fast response time of 10.4 ns at 1550 nm, and an ultrabroadband detection range spanning from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared wavelengths. Our study provides design guidelines for next-generation high-performance room-temperature-operated mid-infrared photodetectors.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55887-x

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