Vialess heterogeneous skin patch for multimodal monitoring and stimulation

Hyeokjun Lee, Soojeong Song, Junwoo Yea, Jeongdae Ha, Saehyuck Oh, Janghwan Jekal, Myung Seok Hong, Chihyeong Won, Han Hee Jung, Hohyun Keum, Sangyoon Han, Jeong Ho Cho, Taeyoon Lee and Kyung-In Jang ()
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Hyeokjun Lee: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Soojeong Song: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Junwoo Yea: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Jeongdae Ha: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Saehyuck Oh: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Janghwan Jekal: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Myung Seok Hong: ASML Korea
Chihyeong Won: Yonsei University
Han Hee Jung: Hannam University
Hohyun Keum: Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)
Sangyoon Han: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Jeong Ho Cho: Yonsei University
Taeyoon Lee: Yonsei University
Kyung-In Jang: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract System-level wearable electronics require to be flexible to ensure conformal contact with the skin, but they also need to integrate rigid and bulky functional components to achieve system-level functionality. As one of integration methods, folding integration offers simplified processing and enhanced functionality through rigid-soft region separation, but so far, it has mainly been applied to modality of electrical sensing and stimulation. This paper introduces a vialess heterogeneous skin patch with multi modalities that separates the soft region and strain-robust region through folded structure. Our system includes electrical and optical modalities for hemodynamic and cardiovascular monitoring, and a force-electrically driven micropump for drug delivery. Each modality is demonstrated through on-demand drug delivery, flexible waveguide-based PPG monitoring, and ECG and body movement monitoring. Wireless data transmission and real-time measurement validate the feedback operation for multi-modalities. This engineered closed-loop platform offers the possibility for broad applications, including cardiovascular monitoring and chronic disease management.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55951-6

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