Quantum magnetometry of transient signals with a time resolution of 1.1 nanoseconds

K. Herb, L. A. Völker, J. M. Abendroth, N. Meinhardt, L. Schie, P. Gambardella and C. L. Degen ()
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K. Herb: ETH Zürich
L. A. Völker: ETH Zürich
J. M. Abendroth: ETH Zürich
N. Meinhardt: ETH Zürich
L. Schie: ETH Zürich
P. Gambardella: ETH Zürich
C. L. Degen: ETH Zürich

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Quantum magnetometers based on spin defects in solids enable sensitive imaging of various magnetic phenomena, such as ferro- and antiferromagnetism, superconductivity, and current-induced fields. Existing protocols primarily focus on static fields or narrow-band dynamical signals, and are optimized for high sensitivity rather than fast time resolution. Here, we report detection of fast signal transients, providing a perspective for investigating the rich dynamics of magnetic systems. We experimentally demonstrate our technique using a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometer at room temperature, reaching a best-effort time resolution of 1.1 ns, an instantaneous bandwidth of 0.9 GHz, and a time-of-flight precision better than 20 ps. The time resolution can be extended to the picosecond range by use of on-chip waveguides. At these speeds, NV quantum magnetometers will become competitive with time-resolved synchrotron X-ray techniques. Looking forward, adding fast temporal resolution to the spatial imaging capability further promotes single-spin probes as powerful research tools in spintronics, mesoscopic physics, and nanoscale device metrology.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55956-1

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