Rationally designed universal passivator for high-performance single-junction and tandem perovskite solar cells

Zuolin Zhang, Yinsu Feng, Jike Ding, Quanxing Ma, Hong Zhang (), Jiajia Zhang (), Mengjia Li, Taoran Geng, Wenhuan Gao, Yang Wang (), Boxue Zhang, Thierry Pauporté, Jian-Xin Tang (), Hongjian Chen, Jiangzhao Chen () and Cong Chen ()
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Zuolin Zhang: Hebei University of Technology
Yinsu Feng: Hebei University of Technology
Jike Ding: Hebei University of Technology
Quanxing Ma: Hebei University of Technology
Hong Zhang: Fudan University
Jiajia Zhang: Fuyang Normal University
Mengjia Li: Hebei University of Technology
Taoran Geng: Hebei University of Technology
Wenhuan Gao: Hebei University of Technology
Yang Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Boxue Zhang: 11 rue P. et M. Curie
Thierry Pauporté: 11 rue P. et M. Curie
Jian-Xin Tang: Taipa
Hongjian Chen: Hebei University of Technology
Jiangzhao Chen: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Cong Chen: Hebei University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Interfacial trap-assisted nonradiative recombination hampers the development of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a rationally designed universal passivator to realize highly efficient and stable single junction and tandem PSCs. Multiple defects are simultaneously passivated by the synergistic effect of anion and cation. Moreover, the defect healing effect is precisely modulated by carefully controlling the number of hydrogen atoms on cations and steric hindrance. Due to minimized interfacial energy loss, L-valine benzyl ester p-toluenesulfonate (VBETS) modified inverted PSCs deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.28% using vacuum flash processing technology. Moreover, by suppressing carrier recombination, the large-area modules with an aperture area of 32.144 cm2 and perovskite/Si tandem solar cells coupled with VBETS passivation deliver a PCE of 21.00% and 30.98%, respectively. This work highlights the critical role of the number of hydrogen atoms and steric hindrance in designing molecular modulators to advance the PCE and stability of PSCs.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56068-6

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