Healthy lifestyle reduces cardiovascular risk in women with genetic predisposition to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Sang‑Hyuk Jung, Haemin Kim, Young Mi Jung, Manu Shivakumar, Brenda Xiao, Jaeyoung Kim, Beomjin Jang, Jae-Seung Yun, Hong-Hee Won, Chan-Wook Park, Joong Shin Park, Jong Kwan Jun, Dokyoon Kim () and Seung Mi Lee ()
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Sang‑Hyuk Jung: University of Pennsylvania
Haemin Kim: Seoul National University College of Medicine
Young Mi Jung: Seoul National University College of Medicine
Manu Shivakumar: University of Pennsylvania
Brenda Xiao: University of Pennsylvania
Jaeyoung Kim: Samsung Medical Center
Beomjin Jang: Samsung Medical Center
Jae-Seung Yun: The Catholic University of Korea
Hong-Hee Won: Samsung Medical Center
Chan-Wook Park: Seoul National University College of Medicine
Joong Shin Park: Seoul National University College of Medicine
Jong Kwan Jun: Seoul National University College of Medicine
Dokyoon Kim: University of Pennsylvania
Seung Mi Lee: Seoul National University College of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The genetic risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is linked with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of lifestyle and metabolic syndrome on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have not been evaluated. Here, we assess the long-term association between these factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in women with genetic risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We evaluate the genetic risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using a genome-wide polygenic risk score derived from a large-scale GWAS. The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is evaluated according to genetic risk, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome. Individuals with a very high genetic risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy have a 53.0% higher chance of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease than those with a low genetic risk. However, the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is reduced by up to 64.6% through the maintenance of an ideal metabolic syndrome status and a healthy lifestyle in the high genetic risk group (top 20%), and by up to 65.4% in the low genetic risk group (bottom 20%). These findings emphasize that maintaining a healthy lifestyle in women is equally effective at reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease independent of genetic risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56107-2

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