Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction

Yoshihiro Minagawa, Moe Yabuta, Masayuki Su’etsugu and Hiroyuki Noji ()
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Yoshihiro Minagawa: The University of Tokyo
Moe Yabuta: The University of Tokyo
Masayuki Su’etsugu: Rikkyo University
Hiroyuki Noji: The University of Tokyo

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The bottom-up reconstitution of self-growing artificial cells is a critical milestone toward realizing autonomy and evolvability. However, building artificial cells that exhibit self-growth coupled with internal replication of gene-encoding DNA has not been achieved yet. Here, we report self-growing artificial cell models based on dextran-rich droplets in an aqueous two-phase system of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran (DEX). Motivated by the finding that DNA induces the generation of DEX-rich droplets, we integrate DNA amplification system with DEX-rich droplets, which exhibited active self-growth. We implement the protocells with cell-free transcription-translation systems coupled with DNA amplification/replication, which also show active self-growth. Considering the simplicities in terms of the chemical composition and the mechanism, these results underscore the potential of DEX droplets as a foundational platform for engineering protocells, giving implications for the emergence of protocells under prebiotic conditions.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56172-7

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