Impact of maternal and offspring smoking and breastfeeding on oesophageal cancer in adult offspring

Yixue Wang, Hongru Sun, Gen Li, Jingxue Xu, Siyu Wang, Shijie Zhang, Tianle Zhou, Tianshu Han, Changhao Sun, Jianqun Ma (), Xiaoyuan Wang () and Hang Yin ()
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Yixue Wang: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Hongru Sun: Harbin Medical University
Gen Li: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Jingxue Xu: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Siyu Wang: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Shijie Zhang: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Tianle Zhou: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Tianshu Han: Harbin Medical University
Changhao Sun: Harbin Medical University
Jianqun Ma: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Xiaoyuan Wang: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
Hang Yin: Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Numerous risk factors for oesophageal cancer are linked to lifestyle habits, but the role of early-life factors in its incidence and mortality is unclear. Using UK Biobank data, we explore the association among breastfeeding, maternal smoking, smoking in offspring, and oesophageal cancer risk in adult offspring via multivariable Cox regression. Here, we show that being breastfed, compared with not being breastfed, is associated with a lower risk of oesophageal cancer incidence (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98) and mortality (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.89) in adult offspring. Additionally, it is associated with a reduced impact of smoking in offspring on oesophageal cancer incidence (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.96) and mortality (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91). We subsequently construct a polygenic risk score for oesophageal cancer to explore the influence of genetic factors. Our findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding, and smoking cessation to prevent oesophageal cancer.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56252-8

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