Observation of minimal and maximal speed limits for few and many-body states

Zitian Zhu, Lei Gao, Zehang Bao, Liang Xiang, Zixuan Song, Shibo Xu, Ke Wang, Jiachen Chen, Feitong Jin, Xuhao Zhu, Yu Gao, Yaozu Wu, Chuanyu Zhang, Ning Wang, Yiren Zou, Ziqi Tan, Aosai Zhang, Zhengyi Cui, Fanhao Shen, Jiarun Zhong, Tingting Li, Jinfeng Deng, Xu Zhang, Hang Dong, Pengfei Zhang, Zhen Wang, Chao Song, Chen Cheng, Qiujiang Guo (), Hekang Li (), H. Wang, Hai-Qing Lin and Rubem Mondaini ()
Additional contact information
Zitian Zhu: Zhejiang University
Lei Gao: Beijing Computational Science Research Center
Zehang Bao: Zhejiang University
Liang Xiang: Zhejiang University
Zixuan Song: Zhejiang University
Shibo Xu: Zhejiang University
Ke Wang: Zhejiang University
Jiachen Chen: Zhejiang University
Feitong Jin: Zhejiang University
Xuhao Zhu: Zhejiang University
Yu Gao: Zhejiang University
Yaozu Wu: Zhejiang University
Chuanyu Zhang: Zhejiang University
Ning Wang: Zhejiang University
Yiren Zou: Zhejiang University
Ziqi Tan: Zhejiang University
Aosai Zhang: Zhejiang University
Zhengyi Cui: Zhejiang University
Fanhao Shen: Zhejiang University
Jiarun Zhong: Zhejiang University
Tingting Li: Zhejiang University
Jinfeng Deng: Zhejiang University
Xu Zhang: Zhejiang University
Hang Dong: Zhejiang University
Pengfei Zhang: Zhejiang University
Zhen Wang: Zhejiang University
Chao Song: Zhejiang University
Chen Cheng: Lanzhou University
Qiujiang Guo: Zhejiang University
Hekang Li: Zhejiang University
H. Wang: Zhejiang University
Hai-Qing Lin: Zhejiang University
Rubem Mondaini: University of Houston

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Tracking the time evolution of a quantum state allows one to verify the thermalization rate or the propagation speed of correlations in generic quantum systems. Inspired by the energy-time uncertainty principle, bounds have been demonstrated on the maximal speed at which a quantum state can change, resulting in immediate and practical tasks. Based on a programmable superconducting quantum processor, we test the dynamics of various emulated quantum mechanical systems encompassing single- and many-body states. We show that one can test the known quantum speed limits and that modifying a single Hamiltonian parameter allows the observation of the crossover of the different bounds on the dynamics. We also unveil the observation of minimal quantum speed limits in addition to more common maximal ones, i.e., the lowest rate of change of a unitarily evolved quantum state. Our results show a comprehensive experimental characterization of quantum speed limits and enhance the understanding for their subsequent study in engineered non-unitary conditions.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56451-3

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