East Asian Gene flow bridged by northern coastal populations over past 6000 years

Juncen Liu, Yichen Liu, Yongsheng Zhao, Chao Zhu, Tianyi Wang, Wen Zeng, Bo Sun, Fen Wang, Hui Han, Zhenguang Li, Xiaotian Feng, Peng Cao, Fengshi Luan, Feng Liu, Qingyan Dai, Junfeng Guo, Zimeng Wang, Chengmin Wei, Qiaowei Wei, Ruowei Yang, Weihong Hou, Wanjing Ping, Fan Bai, Bo Miao, Wenjun Wang, Melinda A. Yang () and Qiaomei Fu ()
Additional contact information
Juncen Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yichen Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yongsheng Zhao: Shandong University
Chao Zhu: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Tianyi Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wen Zeng: Shandong University
Bo Sun: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Fen Wang: Shandong University
Hui Han: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Zhenguang Li: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Xiaotian Feng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peng Cao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fengshi Luan: Shandong University
Feng Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingyan Dai: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Junfeng Guo: Jinan Municipal Institute of Archaeology
Zimeng Wang: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Chengmin Wei: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Qiaowei Wei: Shanghai University
Ruowei Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Weihong Hou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wanjing Ping: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fan Bai: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bo Miao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenjun Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Melinda A. Yang: University of Richmond
Qiaomei Fu: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Coastal areas of northern East Asia in the ShanDong region, which show complex cultural transitions in the last 10,000 years, have helped to facilitate population interactions between more inland regions of mainland East Asia and islands such as those in the Japanese archipelago. To examine how ShanDong populations changed over time and interacted with island and inland East Asian populations, we sequenced 85 individuals from 11 ancient sites in the ShanDong region dating to ~6000-1500 BP. We found that ancestry related to ShanDong populations likely explains the mainland East Asian ancestry observed in post-Yayoi populations from the Japanese archipelago, particularly recent populations who lived in the Ryukyu Islands after ~2800 BP. In the ShanDong region, we observed gene flow from populations to the north and south of this region by at least ~7700 BP, and two waves of gene flow associated with the inland Yellow River populations into the ShanDong region during the DaWenKou cultural period (6000-4600 BP) and in the early dynastic period (3500-1500 BP). Reconstructing the genetic history of the Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age populations of coastal northern East Asia shows gene flow on both a north-south and an east-west (inland-coastal-island) scale.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56555-w

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