Quadrupolar excitons in MoSe2 bilayers

Jakub Jasiński, Joakim Hagel, Samuel Brem, Edith Wietek, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Alexey Chernikov, Nicolas Bruyant, Mateusz Dyksik, Alessandro Surrente, Michał Baranowski, Duncan K. Maude, Ermin Malic and Paulina Plochocka ()
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Jakub Jasiński: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
Joakim Hagel: Chalmers University of Technology
Samuel Brem: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Edith Wietek: Technische Universität Dresden
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Alexey Chernikov: Technische Universität Dresden
Nicolas Bruyant: CNRS UPR 3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse
Mateusz Dyksik: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
Alessandro Surrente: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
Michał Baranowski: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
Duncan K. Maude: CNRS UPR 3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse
Ermin Malic: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Paulina Plochocka: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The quest for platforms to generate and control exotic excitonic states has greatly benefited from the advent of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and their heterostructures. Among the unconventional excitonic states, quadrupolar excitons—a superposition of two dipolar excitons with anti-aligned dipole moments—are of great interest for applications in quantum simulations and for the investigation of many-body physics. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate the emergence of quadrupolar excitons in natural MoSe2 homobilayers, whose energy shifts quadratically in electric field. In contrast to trilayer systems, MoSe2 homobilayers have many advantages, which include a larger coupling between dipolar excitons. Our experimental observations are complemented by many-particle theory calculations offering microscopic insights in the formation of quadrupolar excitons. Our results suggest TMD homobilayers as ideal platform for the engineering of excitonic states and their interaction with light and thus candidate for carrying out on-chip quantum simulations.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56586-3

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