Scalable magnetoreceptive e-skin for energy-efficient high-resolution interaction towards undisturbed extended reality

Pavlo Makushko, Jin Ge (), Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez, Oleksii Volkov, Yevhen Zabila, Stanislav Avdoshenko, Rico Illing, Leonid Ionov, Martin Kaltenbrunner, Jürgen Fassbender, Rui Xu () and Denys Makarov ()
Additional contact information
Pavlo Makushko: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Jin Ge: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Oleksii Volkov: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Yevhen Zabila: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Stanislav Avdoshenko: Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden
Rico Illing: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Leonid Ionov: Ludwig-Thoma-Str. 36a
Martin Kaltenbrunner: Altenberger Str. 69
Jürgen Fassbender: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Rui Xu: Bautzner Landstrasse 400
Denys Makarov: Bautzner Landstrasse 400

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Electronic skins (e-skins) seek to go beyond the natural human perception, e.g., by creating magnetoperception to sense and interact with omnipresent magnetic fields. However, realizing magnetoreceptive e-skin with spatially continuous sensing over large areas is challenging due to increase in power consumption with increasing sensing resolution. Here, by incorporating the giant magnetoresistance effect and electrical resistance tomography, we achieve continuous sensing of magnetic fields across an area of 120 × 120 mm2 with a sensing resolution of better than 1 mm. Our approach enables magnetoreceptors with three orders of magnitude less energy consumption compared to state-of-the-art transistor-based magnetosensitive matrices. A simplified circuit configuration results in optical transparency, mechanical compliance, and vapor/liquid permeability, consequently permitting its imperceptible integration onto skins. Ultimately, these achievements pave the way for exceptional applications, including magnetoreceptive e-skin capable of undisturbed recognition of fine-grained gesture and a magnetoreceptive contact lens permitting touchless interaction.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56805-x

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