An optoelectrochemical synapse based on a single-component n-type mixed conductor

Yazhou Wang, Wentao Shan, Hanrui Li, Yizhou Zhong, Shofarul Wustoni, Johana Uribe, Tianrui Chang, Valentina E. Musteata, Wan Yue, Haifeng Ling, Nazek El‐Atab and Sahika Inal ()
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Yazhou Wang: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Wentao Shan: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Hanrui Li: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Yizhou Zhong: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Shofarul Wustoni: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Johana Uribe: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Tianrui Chang: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Valentina E. Musteata: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Wan Yue: Sun Yat-sen University
Haifeng Ling: Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
Nazek El‐Atab: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Sahika Inal: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are materials that can be used to build bio-inspired electronic devices as they emulate ion-based cellular communication through doping with aqueous ionic charges. The integration of charge photogeneration and electrochemical doping processes in the polymer film enables optoelectronic applications that involve synaptic transistors. However, no OMIEC has yet been implemented to create a miniaturized photoactive platform capable of perceiving and processing multi-spectral visual information. Here, we present a materials and device design concept in which an n-type OMIEC film is incorporated into the micron-scale channel of an electrochemical transistor operating directly in an aqueous electrolyte under ambient conditions. The conjugated polymer channel, consisting of a fluorinated bisistain-lactone-bithiazole acceptor, has a current modulated in response to both electrical and optical stimuli, emulating the multimodal function of the visual nervous system. Our optoelectrochemical synapse achieves multilevel conductance states as well as transduction of visual information covering ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the spectrum – a range beyond that of the human visual system’s perception. The resulting transistor active-matrix array is capable of adaptive sensing, memory, and pre-processing of visual information, demonstrating an efficient optoelectronic neuromorphic system with multi-task learning capability.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56814-w

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