Control of plasma membrane-associated actin polymerization specifies the pattern of the cell wall in xylem vessels

Saku T. Kijima, Takema Sasaki, Yuichiro Kikushima, Daisuke Inoue, Shingo Sakamoto, Yuki Kondo, Soichi Inagaki, Masatoshi Yamaguchi, Nobutaka Mitsuda and Yoshihisa Oda ()
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Saku T. Kijima: Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku
Takema Sasaki: Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku
Yuichiro Kikushima: Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku
Daisuke Inoue: Kyusyu University
Shingo Sakamoto: 1-1-1 Higashi
Yuki Kondo: Osaka University
Soichi Inagaki: The University of Tokyo
Masatoshi Yamaguchi: Saitama University
Nobutaka Mitsuda: 1-1-1 Higashi
Yoshihisa Oda: Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract Cell wall patterning is central to determining the shape and function of plant cells. Protoxylem and metaxylem vessel cells deposit banded and pitted cell walls, respectively, which enable their distinctive water transport capabilities. Here, we show that the pitted cell wall pattern in metaxylem vessels is specified by transcriptional control of actin polymerization. A newly isolated allele of KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 7 (KNAT7) was associated with the formation of banded cell walls in metaxylem vessels. Loss of KNAT7 caused misexpression of FORMIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN11 (FH11) in the metaxylem, which in turn caused rearrangements of ROP GTPases and microtubules in banded patterns. FH11 function required its plasma membrane anchoring and actin polymerization activity. These results suggest that excessive actin polymerization at the plasma membrane abolishes the pitted cell wall formation and promotes banded cell wall formation in metaxylem vessels. This study unveils the importance of proper control of actin polymerization for cell wall pattern determination.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56866-y

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