On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids

Armel Salmon, Yan Hao, Morgane Milin, Oscar Lima, Armand Cavé-Radet, Delphine Giraud, Corinne Cruaud, Karine Labadie, Benjamin Istace, Caroline Belser, Jean-Marc Aury, Patrick Wincker, Bo Li (), Lin-Feng Li () and Malika Ainouche ()
Additional contact information
Armel Salmon: Campus de Beaulieu
Yan Hao: Fudan University
Morgane Milin: Campus de Beaulieu
Oscar Lima: Campus de Beaulieu
Armand Cavé-Radet: Campus de Beaulieu
Delphine Giraud: Campus de Beaulieu
Corinne Cruaud: Université Paris-Saclay
Karine Labadie: Université Paris-Saclay
Benjamin Istace: Université Paris-Saclay
Caroline Belser: Université Paris-Saclay
Jean-Marc Aury: Université Paris-Saclay
Patrick Wincker: Université Paris-Saclay
Bo Li: Fudan University
Lin-Feng Li: Sun Yat-sen University
Malika Ainouche: Campus de Beaulieu

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Plant history is characterized by cyclical whole genome duplication and diploidization with important biological and ecological consequences. Here, we explore the genome history of two related iconic polyploid grasses (Sporobolus alterniflorus and S. maritimus), involved in a well-known example of neopolyploid speciation. We report particular genome dynamics where an ancestral Sporobolus genome (n = 2x = 20) duplicated 9.6-24.4 million years ago (MYA), which was followed by descending dysploidy resulting in a genome with an unexpected base chromosome number (n = 15). This diploidized genome duplicated again 2.1-6.2 MYA to form a tetraploid lineage (2n = 4x = 60), thus reshuffling the ploidy of these species previously thought hexaploids. We also elucidate the mechanism accompanying the speciation between S. maritimus (2n = 60) and S. alterniflorus (2n = 62), resulting from chromosome restructuring, and identify key adaptive genes in the corresponding regions. This represents critical findings to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying species expansion, adaptation to environmental challenge and invasiveness.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56983-8

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