Scalable preparation of perovskite films with homogeneous structure via immobilizing strategy for high-performance solar modules

Shihao Yuan, Daming Zheng, Ting Zhang (), Yafei Wang, Feng Qian, Lei Wang, Xiaobo Li, Hualin Zheng, Zecheng Diao, Peng Zhang, Thierry Pauporté and Shibin Li ()
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Shihao Yuan: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
Daming Zheng: UMR8247
Ting Zhang: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
Yafei Wang: Guangzhou University
Feng Qian: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
Lei Wang: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
Xiaobo Li: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
Hualin Zheng: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
Zecheng Diao: Guangzhou University
Peng Zhang: China Jiliang University
Thierry Pauporté: UMR8247
Shibin Li: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Scalable fabrication of perovskite films with homogeneous structure remains a critical challenge in bridging power conversion efficiency gap between solar modules and laboratory-scale cells. To address this, we propose a slot-die coating strategy with pyrrodiazole additives in the perovskite precursor solution to simultaneously immobilize lead iodide and formamidinium iodide. This approach enhances wet film stability by suppressing colloidal aggregation, retards the crystal growth process, and ensures a consistent growth rate across the films. These effects promote the formation of large, monolithic grains, enabling large-area perovskite films with homogeneous structure, excellent uniformity, and low defect density under ambient conditions. Using this strategy, we achieved 10 cm × 10 cm inverted perovskite solar modules with a certified efficiency of 20.3%, along with good working stability and excellent application demonstration, showcasing its great potential for industrialization.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57303-w

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