Unraveling the neurophysiological correlates of phase-specific enhancement of motor memory consolidation via slow-wave closed-loop targeted memory reactivation

Judith Nicolas, Bradley R. King, David Lévesque, Latifa Lazzouni, Gaëlle Leroux, David Wang, Nir Grossman, Stephan P. Swinnen, Julien Doyon, Julie Carrier and Geneviève Albouy ()
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Judith Nicolas: KU Leuven
Bradley R. King: University of Utah
David Lévesque: Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine
Latifa Lazzouni: McGill University
Gaëlle Leroux: Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292
David Wang: Elemind Technologies Inc Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nir Grossman: Imperial College London
Stephan P. Swinnen: KU Leuven
Julien Doyon: McGill University
Julie Carrier: Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine
Geneviève Albouy: KU Leuven

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Abstract Memory consolidation can be enhanced during sleep using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) and closed-loop (CL) acoustic stimulation on the up-phase of slow oscillations (SOs). Here, we test whether applying TMR at specific phases of the SOs (up vs. down vs. no reactivation) can influence the behavioral and neural correlates of motor memory consolidation in healthy young adults. Results show that up- (as compared to down-) state cueing results in greater performance improvement. Sleep electrophysiological data indicate that up- (as compared to down-) stimulated SOs exhibits higher amplitude and greater peak-nested sigma power. Task-related functional magnetic resonance images reveal that up-state cueing strengthens activity in - and segregation of - striato-motor and hippocampal networks; and that these modulations are related to the beneficial effect of TMR on sleep features and performance. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of CL-TMR to induce phase-specific modulations of motor performance, sleep oscillations and brain responses during motor memory consolidation.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57602-2

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