Senescent-like microglia limit remyelination through the senescence associated secretory phenotype

Phillip S. Gross, Violeta Durán-Laforet, Lana T. Ho, George S. Melchor, Sameera Zia, Zeeba Manavi, William E. Barclay, Sung Hyun Lee, Nataliia Shults, Sean Selva, Enrique Alvarez, Jason R. Plemel, Meng-meng Fu, Dorothy P. Schafer and Jeffrey K. Huang ()
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Phillip S. Gross: Georgetown University
Violeta Durán-Laforet: University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Lana T. Ho: University of California Berkeley
George S. Melchor: Georgetown University
Sameera Zia: University of Alberta
Zeeba Manavi: Georgetown University
William E. Barclay: National Institutes of Health
Sung Hyun Lee: Georgetown University
Nataliia Shults: Georgetown University
Sean Selva: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Enrique Alvarez: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Jason R. Plemel: University of Alberta
Meng-meng Fu: University of California Berkeley
Dorothy P. Schafer: University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Jeffrey K. Huang: Georgetown University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The capacity to regenerate myelin in the central nervous system diminishes with age. This decline is particularly evident in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disease. Whether cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, contributes to remyelination impairment remains unknown. Here, we show that senescent cells accumulate within demyelinated lesions after injury, and treatments with senolytics enhances remyelination in young and middle-aged mice but not aged mice. In young mice, we observe the upregulation of senescence-associated transcripts, primarily in microglia and macrophages, after demyelination, followed by a reduction during remyelination. However, in aged mice, senescence-associated factors persist within lesions, correlating with inefficient remyelination. Proteomic analysis of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) reveals elevated levels of CCL11/Eotaxin-1 in lesions of aged mice, which is found to inhibit oligodendrocyte maturation. These results suggest therapeutic targeting of SASP components, such as CCL11, may improve remyelination in aging and MS.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57632-w

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