FAN1-mediated translesion synthesis and POLQ/HELQ-mediated end joining generate interstrand crosslink-induced mutations

Jip Verschuren, Robin Schendel, Ivo Bostelen, Alex E. E. Verkennis, Puck Knipscheer and Marcel Tijsterman ()
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Jip Verschuren: Leiden University Medical Center
Robin Schendel: Leiden University Medical Center
Ivo Bostelen: Leiden University Medical Center
Alex E. E. Verkennis: Hubrecht Institute–KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht
Puck Knipscheer: Leiden University Medical Center
Marcel Tijsterman: Leiden University Medical Center

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract To counteract the damaging effects of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), cells have evolved various specialized ICL repair pathways. However, how ICL repair impacts genetic integrity remains incompletely understood. Here, we determined the mutagenic consequences of psoralen ICL repair in the animal model C. elegans and identify two mutagenic repair mechanisms: (i) translesion synthesis through POLH and REV1/3-mediated bypass, leading to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNVs), and (ii) end joining via POLQ or HELQ action resulting in deletions. While we found no role for the Fanconi anemia genes FANCD2 and FANCI, disruption of TRAIP, which triggers unloading of the CMG helicase at sites of blocked replication, led to a strikingly altered repair profile, suggesting a role for DNA replication in the etiology of ICL-induced deletions. TRAIP deficiency did not affect SNV formation; instead, we found these SNVs to depend on the functionality of the Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease FAN1.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57764-z

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