Non-human primate seasonal transcriptome atlas reveals seasonal changes in physiology and diseases

Junfeng Chen, Kousuke Okimura, Liang Ren, Yusuke Nakane, Tomoya Nakayama, Yang Chen, Kai Fukawa, Soutarou Sugiyama, Takayoshi Natsume, Naoko Suda-Hashimoto, Mayumi Morimoto, Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki, Takao Oishi, Yuma Katada, Manhui Zhang, Kohei Kobayashi, Shoko Matsumoto, Taiki Yamaguchi, Ying-Jey Guh, Issey Takahashi, Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa, Daiki X. Sato, Yoshiharu Murata, Kenta Sumiyama, Atsushi J. Nagano, Hiroo Imai and Takashi Yoshimura ()
Additional contact information
Junfeng Chen: Nagoya University
Kousuke Okimura: Nagoya University
Liang Ren: Nagoya University
Yusuke Nakane: Nagoya University
Tomoya Nakayama: Nagoya University
Yang Chen: Nagoya University
Kai Fukawa: Nagoya University
Soutarou Sugiyama: Kyoto University
Takayoshi Natsume: Kyoto University
Naoko Suda-Hashimoto: Kyoto University
Mayumi Morimoto: Kyoto University
Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki: Kyoto University
Takao Oishi: Kyoto University
Yuma Katada: Nagoya University
Manhui Zhang: Nagoya University
Kohei Kobayashi: Nagoya University
Shoko Matsumoto: Nagoya University
Taiki Yamaguchi: Nagoya University
Ying-Jey Guh: Nagoya University
Issey Takahashi: Nagoya University
Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa: Nagoya University
Daiki X. Sato: Chiba University
Yoshiharu Murata: Seien Clinic
Kenta Sumiyama: Suita
Atsushi J. Nagano: Ryukoku University
Hiroo Imai: Kyoto University
Takashi Yoshimura: Nagoya University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract The metabolic, immune, and endocrine systems show profound seasonal changes in animals, including humans. In addition, morbidity from cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases is more severe and mortality rate is higher in winter. However, their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report the seasonal transcriptome of 80 tissues collected over 1 year from male and female rhesus macaques kept in a semi-natural outdoor environment. We find seasonal changes in plasma metabolites and hormones. Transcriptome analysis identifies sex differences in seasonally oscillating genes (SOGs) in all tissues studied, and we generate the web database ‘Non-Human Primate Seasonal Transcriptome Atlas (NHPSTA).’ Transcriptional regulatory network analysis, siRNA knockdown, and mutant mouse analyses reveal regulation of SOGs by GA-binding protein (GABP). We also demonstrate seasonal oscillations in the expression of disease risk factor genes and drug interacting genes. NHPSTA provides a molecular resource for seasonally regulated physiology and targets for therapeutic interventions for seasonally regulated diseases.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57994-1

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