Observation of multi-order polar radial vortices and their topological transition

Wan-Rong Geng, Xiangwei Guo, Yin-Lian Zhu, Desheng Ma, Yun-Long Tang, Yu-Jia Wang, Yongjun Wu, Zijian Hong () and Xiu-Liang Ma ()
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Wan-Rong Geng: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
Xiangwei Guo: Zhejiang University
Yin-Lian Zhu: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
Desheng Ma: Cornell University
Yun-Long Tang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yu-Jia Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yongjun Wu: Zhejiang University
Zijian Hong: Zhejiang University
Xiu-Liang Ma: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Topological states have garnered enormous interest in both magnetic and ferroelectric materials for promising candidates of next-generation information carriers. Especially, multi-order topological structures with modulative topological charges are promising for multi-state storage. Here, by engineering boundary conditions, we directly observe the self-assembly two-order ferroelectric radial vortices in high-density BiFeO3 nanostructures. The as-observed two-order radial vortex features a doughnut-like out-of-plane polarization distribution and four-quadrant in-plane distribution, with the topological charge of Q = 0. Systematic dimensional control of the BiFeO3 nanostructures reveals size-dependent stabilization of distinct topological states, from elementary one-order to complex three-order radial vortices, which is further rationalized by phase-field simulations. The transition between different topological states with various topological charges is also realized under an external electric field. This study opens up an avenue for generating configurable polar topological states, offering potential advancements in designing high-performance multi-state memory devices.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58008-w

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