Separator with high ionic conductivity enables electrochemical capacitors to line-filter at high power

Yajie Hu, Puying Li, Guobin Lai, Bing Lu, Haiyan Wang, Huhu Cheng, Mingmao Wu, Feng Liu, Zhi-Min Dang and Liangti Qu ()
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Yajie Hu: Tsinghua University
Puying Li: Tsinghua University
Guobin Lai: Fuzhou University
Bing Lu: Tsinghua University
Haiyan Wang: Tsinghua University
Huhu Cheng: Tsinghua University
Mingmao Wu: Fuzhou University
Feng Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhi-Min Dang: Tsinghua University
Liangti Qu: Tsinghua University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Line-filtering electrochemical capacitors (LFECs) are demonstrating advantages in line filtering over traditional electrolytic capacitors. However, they can only function at no-load or low-power conditions due to the limited high-frequency capacitance resulting from the excessive ionic resistance, despite much progress in electrode materials. Here, we show separators dominate both ion migration and capacitance in LFECs. A 3 μm-thick thread-anchor structured separator is developed, featuring both accelerated ionic transport and reliability, leading to a low ionic resistance of 25 mΩ cm2. With a phase angle of −80° at 120 Hz, the assembled device has an areal capacitance of 6.6 mF cm−2. Furthermore, stack integration in parallel breaks the trade-off between capacitance and frequency response, boosting the areal capacitance by two orders of magnitude without decay of frequency characteristics. The On-board field test demonstrates that voltage ripples are steadily suppressed below 5% even for practical high-power line filtering with a load power density of 2.5 W cm−2, three orders of magnitude higher than previous instances. This work opens up a perspective of separator engineering for the development of high-performance line-filtering electrochemical capacitors and promotes their applications in practical high-power scenarios.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58064-2

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