Quasiparticle and superfluid dynamics in Magic-Angle Graphene

Elías Portolés (), Marta Perego, Pavel A. Volkov (), Mathilde Toschini, Yana Kemna, Alexandra Mestre-Torà, Giulia Zheng, Artem O. Denisov, Folkert K. de Vries, Peter Rickhaus, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, J. H. Pixley, Thomas Ihn and Klaus Ensslin
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Elías Portolés: ETH Zurich
Marta Perego: ETH Zurich
Pavel A. Volkov: University of Connecticut
Mathilde Toschini: ETH Zurich
Yana Kemna: ETH Zurich
Alexandra Mestre-Torà: ETH Zurich
Giulia Zheng: ETH Zurich
Artem O. Denisov: ETH Zurich
Folkert K. de Vries: ETH Zurich
Peter Rickhaus: ETH Zurich
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
J. H. Pixley: Rutgers University
Thomas Ihn: ETH Zurich
Klaus Ensslin: ETH Zurich

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Magic-Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene (MATBG) shows a wide range of correlated phases which are electrostatically tunable. Despite a growing knowledge of the material, there is yet no consensus on the microscopic mechanisms driving its superconducting phase. A major obstacle to progress in this direction is that key thermodynamic properties, such as specific heat, electron-phonon coupling and superfluid stiffness, are challenging to measure due to the 2D nature of the material and its relatively low energy scales. Here, we use a gate-defined, radio frequency-biased, Josephson junction to probe the electronic dynamics of MATBG. We demonstrate evidence for two processes determining the low-frequency dynamics across the phase diagram: thermalization of electronic quasiparticles through phonon scattering and inductive response of the superconducting condensate. A phenomenological approach allows us to relate the experimentally observed dynamics to several thermodynamic properties of MATBG, including electron-phonon coupling and superfluid stiffness. Our findings support anisotropic or nodal superconductivity in MATBG and demonstrate a broadly applicable method for studying properties of 2D materials with out-of-equilibrium nanodevice dynamics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58325-0

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