Macroscale-area patterning of three-dimensional DNA-programmable frameworks

Feiyue Teng, Honghu Zhang, Dmytro Nykypanchuk, Ruipeng Li, Lin Yang, Nikhil Tiwale, Zhaoyi Xi, Mingzhao Liu, Mingxin He, Shuai Zhang and Oleg Gang ()
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Feiyue Teng: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Honghu Zhang: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Dmytro Nykypanchuk: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Ruipeng Li: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Lin Yang: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Nikhil Tiwale: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Zhaoyi Xi: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Mingzhao Liu: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Mingxin He: Columbia University
Shuai Zhang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Oleg Gang: Brookhaven National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract DNA, owing to its adaptable structure and sequence-prescribed interactions, provides a versatile molecular tool to program the assembly of organized three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures with precisely incorporated inorganic and biomolecular nanoscale components. While such programmability allows for self-assembly of lattices with diverse symmetries, there is an increasing need to integrate them onto planar substrates for their translation into applications. In this study, we develop an approach for the growth of 3D DNA-programmable frameworks on arbitrarily patterned silicon wafers and metal oxide surfaces, as well as study the leading effects controlling these processes. We achieve the selective growth of DNA origami superlattices into customized surface patterns with feature sizes in the tens of microns across macroscale areas using polymer templates patterned by electron-beam lithography. We uncover the correlation between assembly conditions and superlattice orientations on surfaces, lattice domain sizes, twining, and surface coverage. The demonstrated approach opens possibilities for bridging self-assembly with traditional top-down nanofabrication for creating engineered 3D nanoscale materials over macroscopic areas with nano- and micro-scale controls.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58422-0

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