Anionic high-entropy doping engineering for electromagnetic wave absorption

Jiaqi Tao, Yi Yan, Jintang Zhou (), Jin Wang (), Ping Chen (), Ruiyang Tan, Linling Xu, Hongbao Zhu, Wenhui Zhu, Hexia Huang (), Xuewei Tao () and Zhengjun Yao ()
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Jiaqi Tao: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Yi Yan: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Jintang Zhou: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Jin Wang: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Ping Chen: Nanjing University
Ruiyang Tan: Nanjing University
Linling Xu: Nanjing University
Hongbao Zhu: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Wenhui Zhu: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Hexia Huang: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Xuewei Tao: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Zhengjun Yao: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract High-entropy doping (HED) engineering surpasses conventional methods for optimizing atomic configurations and electronic structures, opening new paths for developing advanced electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials. However, the application of anionic HED engineering to tailor EWA mechanisms remains unexplored. Herein, we employ in situ pyrolysis combined with a three-stage solvent thermal doping procedure to systematically induce anion multibody interactions, thereby facilitating the inheritance and accumulation of beneficial EWA properties. The research shows that anions with various electronegativities precisely balance free charges and create a significant localized charge imbalance, triggering the ‘directional cocktail effect’. This effect induces an optimal dielectric loss mechanism and enhances the EWA performance. With only 7.5 wt% filling, the effective absorption bandwidth and minimum reflection loss are 7.05 GHz and −60 dB, respectively. Overall, we report an anionic HED engineering within thin a graphite framework, which may be conceptually extendable for electromagnetic modulation of other two-dimensional van der Waals EWA materials.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58448-4

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