Predeposited lead nucleation sites enable a highly reversible zinc electrode for stable zinc-bromine flow batteries

Yichan Hu, Zhiwen Min, Guangyu Zhu, Yuanwei Zhang, Yixian Pei, Cong Chen, Yuanmiao Sun (), Guojin Liang () and Hui-Ming Cheng
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Yichan Hu: Hunan University
Zhiwen Min: Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology
Guangyu Zhu: Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology
Yuanwei Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yixian Pei: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Cong Chen: Qinghai Minzu University
Yuanmiao Sun: Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology
Guojin Liang: Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology
Hui-Ming Cheng: Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Aqueous zinc-bromine flow batteries are promising for grid storage due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and high energy density. However, they have a low energy/power density and inferior cycle stability due to irreversible reactions of uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we develop a highly reversible carbon felt electrode with uniformly distributed Pb nanoparticles, which can be realized via an effective in situ predeposition strategy. Owing to abundant Pb nanoparticles as zincophilic nucleation sites, the Pb nanoparticles effectively induce uniform Zn deposition with a dendrite-free morphology. Moreover, the Pb-modified electrode accommodates higher hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential to inhibit the H2 evolution. Consequently, the modified electrode-based zinc-bromine flow batteries demonstrate a cumulative plating capacity (23 Ah cm−2) over 2300 h with an average Coulombic efficiency of over 97.4%. This work contributes insights into the design of highly reversible Zn electrode in Zn-based flow batteries.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58473-3

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