High-energy and long-life O3-type layered cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Xinghui Liang, Xiaosheng Song, H. Hohyun Sun, Hun Kim, Myoung-Chan Kim and Yang-Kook Sun ()
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Xinghui Liang: Hanyang University
Xiaosheng Song: Hanyang University
H. Hohyun Sun: University of Alabama
Hun Kim: Hanyang University
Myoung-Chan Kim: Hanyang University
Yang-Kook Sun: Hanyang University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract O3-type layered oxide for sodium-ion batteries have attracted significant attention owing to their low cost and high energy density. However, their applications are restricted by rapid capacity decay during long-term cycling, with uneven Na+ distribution and microcrack formation being key contributing factors. In this study, a customized reconstruction layer integrating a fast ion conductor NaCaPO4 coating with gradient Ca2+ doping is developed to enhance the surface chemical and mechanical stability of the layered cathodes. The gradient Ca2+ doped interphase facilitates uniform phase transformation within the particles, minimizes lattice mismatch, ensures even Na+ distribution, and mitigates microcrack formation through a pinning effect. Consequently, the optimized sample exhibits improved electrochemical performance and robust reliability under high-voltage conditions and a broad temperature range (−10 to 50 °C). The practical feasibility of a pouch-type full cell paired with a hard carbon anode is demonstrated by a high capacity retention of 82.9% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. This scalable interface modification strategy provides valuable insights into the development of advanced oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58637-1

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