Exceptional point and hysteresis trajectories in cold Rydberg atomic gases

Jun Zhang, En-Ze Li, Ya-Jun Wang, Bang Liu, Li-Hua Zhang, Zheng-Yuan Zhang, Shi-Yao Shao, Qing Li, Han-Chao Chen, Yu Ma, Tian-Yu Han, Qi-Feng Wang, Jia-Dou Nan, Yi-Ming Yin, Dong-Yang Zhu, Guang-Can Guo, Dong-Sheng Ding () and Bao-Sen Shi
Additional contact information
Jun Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
En-Ze Li: University of Science and Technology of China
Ya-Jun Wang: University of Science and Technology of China
Bang Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Li-Hua Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
Zheng-Yuan Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
Shi-Yao Shao: University of Science and Technology of China
Qing Li: University of Science and Technology of China
Han-Chao Chen: University of Science and Technology of China
Yu Ma: University of Science and Technology of China
Tian-Yu Han: University of Science and Technology of China
Qi-Feng Wang: University of Science and Technology of China
Jia-Dou Nan: University of Science and Technology of China
Yi-Ming Yin: University of Science and Technology of China
Dong-Yang Zhu: University of Science and Technology of China
Guang-Can Guo: University of Science and Technology of China
Dong-Sheng Ding: University of Science and Technology of China
Bao-Sen Shi: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The interplay between strong long-range interactions and the coherent driving contribute to the formation of complex patterns, symmetry, and novel phases of matter in many-body systems. However, long-range interactions may induce an additional dissipation channel, resulting in non-Hermitian many-body dynamics and the emergence of exceptional points in spectrum. Here, we report experimental observation of interaction-induced exceptional points in cold Rydberg atomic gases, revealing the breaking of charge-conjugation parity symmetry. By measuring the transmission spectrum under increasing and decreasing probe intensity, the interaction-induced hysteresis trajectories are observed, which give rise to non-Hermitian dynamics. We record the area enclosed by hysteresis loops and investigate the dynamics of hysteresis loops. The reported exceptional points and hysteresis trajectories in cold Rydberg atomic gases provide valuable insights into the underlying non-Hermitian physics in many-body systems, allowing us to study the interplay between long-range interactions and non-Hermiticity.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58850-y

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