Electronic interferometry with ultrashort plasmonic pulses

Seddik Ouacel, Lucas Mazzella, Thomas Kloss, Matteo Aluffi, Thomas Vasselon, Hermann Edlbauer, Junliang Wang, Clément Geffroy, Jashwanth Shaju, Arne Ludwig, Andreas D. Wieck, Michihisa Yamamoto, David Pomaranski, Shintaro Takada, Nobu-Hisa Kaneko, Giorgos Georgiou, Xavier Waintal, Matias Urdampilleta, Hermann Sellier and Christopher Bäuerle ()
Additional contact information
Seddik Ouacel: Institut Néel
Lucas Mazzella: Institut Néel
Thomas Kloss: Institut Néel
Matteo Aluffi: Institut Néel
Thomas Vasselon: Institut Néel
Hermann Edlbauer: Institut Néel
Junliang Wang: Institut Néel
Clément Geffroy: Institut Néel
Jashwanth Shaju: Institut Néel
Arne Ludwig: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Andreas D. Wieck: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Michihisa Yamamoto: RIKEN
David Pomaranski: The University of Tokyo
Shintaro Takada: Osaka University
Nobu-Hisa Kaneko: National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
Giorgos Georgiou: University of Glasgow
Xavier Waintal: INAC-Pheliqs
Matias Urdampilleta: Institut Néel
Hermann Sellier: Institut Néel
Christopher Bäuerle: Institut Néel

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Electronic flying qubits offer an interesting alternative to photonic qubits: electrons propagate slower, hence easier to control in real time, and Coulomb interaction enables direct entanglement between different qubits. Although their coherence time is limited, flying electrons in the form of picosecond plasmonic pulses could be competitive in terms of the number of achievable coherent operations. The key challenge in achieving this critical milestone is the development of a new technology capable of injecting ‘on-demand’ single-electron wavepackets into quantum devices, with temporal durations comparable to or shorter than the device dimensions. Here, we take a significant step towards achieving this regime in a quantum nanoelectronic system by injecting ultrashort single-electron plasmonic pulses into a 14-micrometer-long Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Our results establish that quantum coherence is robust under the on-demand injection of ultrashort plasmonic pulses, as evidenced by the observation of coherent oscillations in the single-electron regime. Building on this, our results demonstrate the existence of a “non-adiabatic" regime that is prominent at high frequencies. This result highlights the potential of flying qubits as a promising alternative to localised qubit architectures, offering advantages such as a reduced hardware footprint, enhanced connectivity, and scalability for quantum information processing.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58939-4

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