Reaching the pinnacle of high-capacity optical transmission using a standard cladding diameter coupled-core multi-core fiber

Menno Hout (), Ruben S. Luís, Benjamin J. Puttnam, Giammarco Sciullo, Tetsuya Hayashi, Ayumi Inoue, Takuji Nagashima, Simon Gross, Andrew Ross-Adams, Michael J. Withford, Lauren Dallachiesa, Nicolas K. Fontaine, Roland Ryf, Mikael Mazur, Haoshuo Chen, Jun Sakaguchi, Cristian Antonelli, Chigo Okonkwo, Hideaki Furukawa and Georg Rademacher
Additional contact information
Menno Hout: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Ruben S. Luís: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Benjamin J. Puttnam: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Giammarco Sciullo: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Tetsuya Hayashi: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Ayumi Inoue: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Takuji Nagashima: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Simon Gross: Macquarie University
Andrew Ross-Adams: Macquarie University
Michael J. Withford: Macquarie University
Lauren Dallachiesa: Nokia Bell Labs
Nicolas K. Fontaine: Nokia Bell Labs
Roland Ryf: Nokia Bell Labs
Mikael Mazur: Nokia Bell Labs
Haoshuo Chen: Nokia Bell Labs
Jun Sakaguchi: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Cristian Antonelli: University of L’Aquila and CNIT
Chigo Okonkwo: Eindhoven University of Technology
Hideaki Furukawa: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Georg Rademacher: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Data rates in optical networks have grown exponentially in recent decades and are expected to grow beyond the fundamental limits of current standard single-mode fiber networks. As such, novel transmission technologies are required to sustain this growth, and space-division multiplexing provides the most promising candidate to scale the capacity of optical networks in a way that is also cost-effective. For fiber fabrication and deployment, it is highly beneficial to use fibers with a standard cladding diameter. Here we demonstrate petabit-per-second-class data transmission using a space-division multiplexing fiber that approaches the limits of spatial multiplexing whilst minimizing the required signal processing complexity. This is done by designing and fabricating a low-loss 19-core multi-core fiber with randomly-coupled cores, a standard cladding diameter, and supporting a wideband wavelength-division multiplexed signal. The resulting data rate of 1.7 petabit/s is the highest reported amongst standard cladding diameter multi-core fibers and is approximately more than an order of magnitude higher than is supported by currently deployed single-mode fibers, paving the way for next-generation ultra-fast optical transmission networks.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59037-1

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