Randomly oriented covalent organic framework membrane for selective Li+ sieving from other ions

Shiwen Bao, Zhaoyu Ma, Lei Yu, Qi Li, Jiaxiang Xia, Song Song, Kunyan Sui (), Yongye Zhao, Xueli Liu () and Jun Gao ()
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Shiwen Bao: Qingdao University
Zhaoyu Ma: Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lei Yu: Qingdao University
Qi Li: Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiaxiang Xia: Qingdao University
Song Song: Qingdao University
Kunyan Sui: Qingdao University
Yongye Zhao: Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xueli Liu: Qingdao University
Jun Gao: Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Certain biological channels exhibit remarkable selectivity, effectively distinguishing between competing cations. If artificial membranes could achieve similar precision in differentiating competing ions from Li+, it could advance sustainable technologies in lithium extraction. In this study, we present a covalent organic framework (COF) membrane featuring a randomly oriented structure that enables selective separation of major competing ions from Li+. The random orientation results in narrow pores, which impart size-based selectivity among alkaline ions. Additionally, the COF incorporates sulfonic groups that preferentially bind to Na+ and K+, facilitating their transport while retaining Li+. These synergistic mechanisms endow the membrane with a selectivity beyond detection limit for K+ and Na+ over Li+. When driven by an electrical potential, the ion flux through the membrane is enhanced by over an order of magnitude. Notably, the membrane also permits the transport of Mg2+ and Ca2+ while still rejecting Li+, leveraging differences in their ion mobility. This work should advance the design and construction of biomimetic materials for the extraction of valuable species from seawater and other aqueous sources.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59188-1

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