Test of the physical significance of Bell non-locality

Carlos Vieira (), Ravishankar Ramanathan () and Adán Cabello
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Carlos Vieira: The University of Hong Kong
Ravishankar Ramanathan: The University of Hong Kong
Adán Cabello: Universidad de Sevilla

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Loophole-free violations of Bell inequalities imply that at least one of the assumptions behind local hidden-variable theories must fail. Here, we show that, if only one fails, then it has to fail completely, therefore excluding models that partially constrain freedom of choice or allow for partial retrocausal influences, or allow partial instantaneous actions at a distance. Specifically, we show that (i) any hidden-variable theory with outcome independence (OI) and arbitrary joint relaxation of measurement independence (MI) and parameter independence (PI) can be experimentally excluded in a Bell-like experiment with many settings on high-dimensional entangled states, and (ii) any hidden-variable theory with MI, PI and arbitrary relaxation of OI can be excluded in a Bell-like experiment with many settings on qubit-qubit entangled states.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59247-7

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