Concurrently enhanced piezoelectric performance and curie temperature in stressed lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 ceramics

Yuanhui Su, Qingying Wang, Yu Huan (), Jianli Wang, Wei Sun, Yongjun Li, Tao Wei () and Zhenxiang Cheng ()
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Yuanhui Su: University of Jinan
Qingying Wang: University of Jinan
Yu Huan: University of Jinan
Jianli Wang: University of Wollongong Innovation Campus
Wei Sun: University of Jinan
Yongjun Li: Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co. Ltd
Tao Wei: University of Jinan
Zhenxiang Cheng: University of Wollongong Innovation Campus

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Eco-friendly, lead-free BaTiO3-based piezoelectrics are critical for sustainable electronics, but improving their piezoelectric properties often compromises Curie temperature (TC). To address this trade-off, we implemented an innovative stress engineering approach by introducing a secondary phase BaAl2O4 in Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCTZ) ceramics. The thermal expansion mismatch between BCTZ and BaAl2O4 induces internal stress within the BCTZ matrix, causing significant lattice distortion and phase fraction modulation, which improves both TC and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33). Additionally, the local electric field and Al3+ doping in ABO3 lattice further enhance d33. Optimized BCTZ ceramics achieve d33 of 650 ± 16 pC N−1, d33* of 1070 pm V−1, and TC of 96.5 ± 1.0 °C, placing them at the forefront of lead-free BaTiO3-based piezoelectrics. This study underscores the effectiveness of bulk stress engineering via a secondary phase for enhancing lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, paving the way for developing high-performance piezoelectric ceramics suitable for broad temperature applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59311-2

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