Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2

Qi Jun Zong, Haolin Wang (), Qi Zhang, Xinle Cheng, Yangchen He, Qiaoling Xu, Ammon Fischer, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Daniel A. Rhodes, Lede Xian, Dante M. Kennes, Angel Rubio (), Geliang Yu () and Lei Wang ()
Additional contact information
Qi Jun Zong: Nanjing University
Haolin Wang: Xidian University
Qi Zhang: Nanjing University
Xinle Cheng: RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
Yangchen He: University of Wisconsin
Qiaoling Xu: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
Ammon Fischer: RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Daniel A. Rhodes: University of Wisconsin
Lede Xian: Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
Dante M. Kennes: RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
Angel Rubio: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL)
Geliang Yu: Nanjing University
Lei Wang: Nanjing University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Electrons can form an ordered solid crystal phase ascribed to the interplay between Coulomb repulsion and kinetic energy. Tuning these energy scales can drive a phase transition from electron solid to liquid, i.e., melting of Wigner crystal. Generalized Wigner crystals (GWCs) pinned to moiré superlattices have been reported by optical and scanning-probe-based methods. Using transport measurements to investigate GWCs is vital to a complete characterization, however, still poses a significant challenge due to difficulties in making reliable electrical contacts. Here, we report the electrical transport detection of GWCs at fractional fillings ν = 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 8/9, 10/9, and 4/3 in twisted bilayer MoSe2. We further observe that these GWCs undergo continuous quantum melting transitions to liquid phases by tuning doping density, magnetic and displacement fields, manifested by quantum critical scaling behaviors. Our findings establish twisted bilayer MoSe2 as a novel system to study strongly correlated states of matter and their quantum phase transitions.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59365-2

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