Multiscale interfacial stabilization via prelithiation separator engineering for Ah-level anode-free lithium batteries

Ahu Shao, Helin Wang, Min Zhang, Jiacheng Liu, Lu Cheng, Yunsong Li, Yuxiang Guo, Zhiqiao Wang, Qiurong Jia, Xin Wang, Xiaoyu Tang, Xiaodong Zhao and Yue Ma ()
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Ahu Shao: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Helin Wang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Min Zhang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Jiacheng Liu: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Lu Cheng: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Yunsong Li: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Yuxiang Guo: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Zhiqiao Wang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Qiurong Jia: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Xin Wang: Shaanxi Raisight Energy Tech Co. Ltd
Xiaoyu Tang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Xiaodong Zhao: Fujian Blue Ocean & Black Stone Technology Co. Ltd
Yue Ma: Northwestern Polytechnical University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Anode-free lithium batteries represent a promising avenue for high-energy-density storage, yet their practical application is hindered by lithium inventory loss from parasitic interfacial reactions, cathode degradation, and limited Li+ reversibility. Herein, we propose a polyolefin separator integrated with a Li2S@C sacrificial layer, achieving multiscale interfacial stabilization in Ah-class anode-free pouch cells. This approach simultaneously replenishes the customized Li+ inventory during the formation cycle and establishes the lithium polysulfide-containing cathode interface with high-voltage tolerance (till 4.5 V). Real-time tracking via in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transmission-mode operando X-ray diffraction reveals accelerated Li+ diffusion kinetics and stabilized phase evolution in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode interfaced with Li2S@C|PE prelithiation separator. Consequently, a 1.22 Ah pouch cell with an Ag-modified Cu foil and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode is assembled with Li2S@C|PE separator and exhibits gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 450 Wh kg-1 and 1355 Wh L-1, respectively. This prelithiation protocol demonstrates upscaling potential and generic applicability to secure the interfacial chemistries for anode free/less lithium metal batteries.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59521-8

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