A single spin in hexagonal boron nitride for vectorial quantum magnetometry

Carmem M. Gilardoni (), Simone Eizagirre Barker, Catherine L. Curtin, Stephanie A. Fraser, Oliver. F. J. Powell, Dillon K. Lewis, Xiaoxi Deng, Andrew J. Ramsay, Sonachand Adhikari, Chi Li, Igor Aharonovich, Hark Hoe Tan, Mete Atatüre and Hannah L. Stern ()
Additional contact information
Carmem M. Gilardoni: University of Cambridge
Simone Eizagirre Barker: University of Cambridge
Catherine L. Curtin: University of Cambridge
Stephanie A. Fraser: University of Cambridge
Oliver. F. J. Powell: University of Cambridge
Dillon K. Lewis: University of Cambridge
Xiaoxi Deng: University of Cambridge
Andrew J. Ramsay: Hitachi Europe Ltd.
Sonachand Adhikari: The Australian National University
Chi Li: University of Technology Sydney
Igor Aharonovich: University of Technology Sydney
Hark Hoe Tan: The Australian National University
Mete Atatüre: University of Cambridge
Hannah L. Stern: University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Quantum sensing based on solid-state spin defects provides a uniquely versatile platform for nanoscale magnetometry under diverse environmental conditions. Operation of most sensors used to-date is based on projective measurement along a single axis combined with computational extrapolation. Here, we show that an individually addressable carbon-related spin defect in hexagonal boron nitride is a multi-axis nanoscale sensor with large dynamic range. For this spin-1 system, we demonstrate how its spin-dependent photodynamics give rise to three optically detected spin resonances that show up to 90% contrast and are not quenched under off-axis magnetic field exceeding 100 mT, enabling $$\mu \,{{\rm{T}}}/{{{\rm{Hz}}}^{-1/2}}$$ μ T / Hz − 1 / 2 sensitivity. Finally, we show how this system can be used to unambiguously determine the three components of a target magnetic field via the use of two bias fields. Alongside these features, the room-temperature operation and the nanometer-scale proximity enabled by the van der Waals host material further consolidate this system as a promising quantum sensing platform.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59642-0

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