Acute regulation of murine adipose tissue lipolysis and insulin resistance by the TGFβ superfamily protein GDF3

Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi, Deepti Ramachandran, Daniel Vieira, William B. Rubio, Gregory R. Gipson, Luca Troncone, Kylie Vestal, David E. Maridas, Vicki Rosen, Paul B. Yu, Thomas B. Thompson and Alexander S. Banks ()
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Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
Deepti Ramachandran: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
Daniel Vieira: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
William B. Rubio: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
Gregory R. Gipson: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Luca Troncone: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Kylie Vestal: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
David E. Maridas: Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Vicki Rosen: Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Paul B. Yu: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Thomas B. Thompson: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Alexander S. Banks: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Abstract TGFβ superfamily proteins can affect cellular differentiation, thermogenesis, and fibrosis in mammalian adipose tissue. Here we describe a role for Growth Differentiation Factor 3 (GDF3) on mature adipocyte biology. We find inducible GDF3 loss of function in obese adult mice leads to reduced lipolysis, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced glycemic variability. The effects on lipolysis are driven by lower levels of β3-adrenergic receptor, decreased cAMP and PKA signaling. GDF3 is an ALK5, ALK7, ACVR2A and ACVR2B agonist and also a BMPR2 antagonist. Unlike ALK7 or activin E knockouts, acute GDF3 loss of function does not affect body weight or energy balance but significantly improves metabolic health. These results suggest that blocking GDF3 can improve metabolic health independent of body weight and food intake, an intriguing new model for developing anti-diabetic therapies. Together these results provide much-needed clarity to both the molecular pathways involved in GDF3 signaling and its physiological effects.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59673-7

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