Reconfigurable terahertz optoelectronic logic through charge-density-wave phase engineering

Xin Sun, Kening Xiao, Yingdong Wei, Wenqi Mo, Libo Zhang (), Shijian Tian, Xiaokai Pan, Yage Yang, Shiqi Lan, Yichong Zhang, Zhen Hu, Kaixuan Zhang, Li Han, Fang Wang (), Xiaoshuang Chen, Lin Wang () and Weida Hu ()
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Xin Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kening Xiao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yingdong Wei: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenqi Mo: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Libo Zhang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shijian Tian: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaokai Pan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yage Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shiqi Lan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yichong Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhen Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kaixuan Zhang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li Han: China Jiliang University
Fang Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaoshuang Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lin Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Weida Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Charge density waves, manifestations of strongly correlated electronic states in low-dimensional materials, exhibit collective quantum phenomena that enable phase-coherent electronic manipulation. Conventional approaches face limitations in integrating sensing and computing functions, particularly at terahertz frequencies where traditional semiconductors struggle. We achieve deterministic switching between resistive and dissipationless states in 1T-TaS2 through synergistic thermal, electrical, and optical modulation of metastable charge-density-wave configurations. The resulting photoconversion mechanism delivers 5.49 A/W responsivity with 1.7 μs response time at 0.29 THz. Resonant terahertz excitation couples to collective modes, triggering lattice distortion via nonlinear phononic interactions that collectively reduce phase transition barriers in pre-biased devices. Thermally mediated state retention enables reconfigurable integration of sensing, logic, and memory functions, while phase stability under multi-field control demonstrates the feasibility of a terahertz optoelectronic platform for secure communications and programmable computing with in-memory processing capabilities.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59864-2

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