On-demand tailoring soliton patterns through intracavity spectral phase programming

Heze Zhang, Chao Zeng, Yueqing Du, Guanghua Cheng, Biqiang Jiang, Zhipei Sun, Xuechun Lin, Meng Pang, Jianlin Zhao and Dong Mao ()
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Heze Zhang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Chao Zeng: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Yueqing Du: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Guanghua Cheng: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Biqiang Jiang: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Zhipei Sun: Aalto University, Aalto
Xuechun Lin: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Meng Pang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jianlin Zhao: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Dong Mao: Northwestern Polytechnical University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Multi-pulse oscillations are prevalent phenomena observed in mode-locked lasers and nonlinear microresonators, where the short- and long-range interactions between nonlinear wavepackets give rise to diverse pulse patterns such as soliton molecules, soliton crystals, and soliton bursts. However, these intricate nonlinear interactions are highly sensitive to the parameters of dissipative systems, leaving the properties of multiple pulses far from being controlled, which hampers their applications such as high-speed optical communication and material processing. In this study, we propose a universal approach for quantitatively tailoring multiple solitons in mode-locked fibre lasers through spectral phase programming, enabling the on-demand generation of soliton patterns with separations that follow from constant, geometric, or arithmetic sequences. By combining with spectral filtering, we demonstrate dual-colour soliton patterns in the same cavity, further highlighting the adaptability of soliton structures. Numerical simulations validate the experimental observations, demonstrating that the spectral phase modulates solitons to emit sub-pulses, which interact with other solitons to generate trapping potentials, thereby giving rise to diverse soliton patterns.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59990-x

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