Divergent molecular pathways govern temperature-dependent wheat stem rust resistance genes

Tim C. Hewitt, Keshav Sharma, Jianping Zhang, Chunhong Chen, Prabin Bajgain, Dhara Bhatt, Smriti Singh, Pablo D. Olivera Firpo, Jun Yang, Qiaoli Wang, Narayana Upadhyaya, Curtis Pozniak, Robert McIntosh (), Evans Lagudah (), Peng Zhang () and Matthew N. Rouse ()
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Tim C. Hewitt: CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Keshav Sharma: Cereal Disease Laboratory
Jianping Zhang: School of Life and Environmental Sciences
Chunhong Chen: CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Prabin Bajgain: University of Minnesota
Dhara Bhatt: CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Smriti Singh: School of Life and Environmental Sciences
Pablo D. Olivera Firpo: Cereal Disease Laboratory
Jun Yang: CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Qiaoli Wang: Henan Agricultural University
Narayana Upadhyaya: CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Curtis Pozniak: University of Saskatchewan
Robert McIntosh: School of Life and Environmental Sciences
Evans Lagudah: CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Peng Zhang: School of Life and Environmental Sciences
Matthew N. Rouse: Cereal Disease Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The wheat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) causes severe crop losses worldwide. Several stem rust resistance (Sr) genes exhibit temperature-dependent immune responses. Sr6-mediated resistance is enhanced at lower temperatures, whereas Sr13 and Sr21 resistances are enhanced at higher temperatures. Here, we clone Sr6 using mutagenesis and resistance gene enrichment and sequencing (MutRenSeq), identifying it to encode a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein with an integrated BED domain. Sr6 temperature sensitivity is also transferred to wheat plants transformed with the Sr6 gene. Differential gene expression analysis of near-isogenic lines inoculated with Pgt at varying temperatures reveals that genes upregulated in the low-temperature-effective Sr6 response differ from those upregulated in the high-temperature-effective responses associated with Sr13 and Sr21. These findings highlight divergent molecular pathways involved in temperature-sensitive immunity and inform future strategies for deployment and engineering of genetic resistance in response to a changing climate.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60030-x

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