USP37 prevents premature disassembly of stressed replisomes by TRAIP

Olga V. Kochenova, Giuseppina D’Alessandro, Domenic Pilger, Ernst Schmid, Sean L. Richards, Marcos Rios Garcia, Satpal S. Jhujh, Andrea Voigt, Vipul Gupta, Christopher J. Carnie, R. Alex Wu, Nadia Gueorguieva, Simon Lam, Grant S. Stewart, Johannes C. Walter () and Stephen P. Jackson ()
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Olga V. Kochenova: Blavatnik Institute
Giuseppina D’Alessandro: Robinson Way
Domenic Pilger: University of Cambridge
Ernst Schmid: Blavatnik Institute
Sean L. Richards: Robinson Way
Marcos Rios Garcia: University of Birmingham
Satpal S. Jhujh: University of Birmingham
Andrea Voigt: Robinson Way
Vipul Gupta: Robinson Way
Christopher J. Carnie: Robinson Way
R. Alex Wu: Blavatnik Institute
Nadia Gueorguieva: Robinson Way
Simon Lam: Robinson Way
Grant S. Stewart: University of Birmingham
Johannes C. Walter: Blavatnik Institute
Stephen P. Jackson: Robinson Way

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract The eukaryotic replisome, which consists of the CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS (CMG) helicase, replicative polymerases, and several accessory factors, sometimes encounters proteinaceous obstacles that threaten genome integrity. These obstacles are targeted for removal or proteolysis by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP, which associates with the replisome. However, TRAIP must be carefully regulated to avoid inappropriate ubiquitylation and disassembly of the replisome. Here, we demonstrate that human cells lacking the de-ubiquitylating enzyme USP37 are hypersensitive to topoisomerase poisons and other replication stress-inducing agents. Furthermore, TRAIP loss rescues the hypersensitivity of USP37 knockout cells to topoisomerase inhibitors. In Xenopus egg extracts depleted of USP37, TRAIP promotes premature CMG ubiquitylation and disassembly when converging replisomes stall. Finally, guided by AlphaFold-Multimer, we discovered that binding to CDC45 mediates USP37’s response to topological stress. We propose that USP37 protects genome stability by preventing TRAIP-dependent CMG unloading when replication stress impedes timely termination.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60139-z

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